几种菊科入侵植物和非入侵植物的化感作用比较

以萝卜为受体,采用培养皿法比较研究了几种菊科入侵种和非入侵种的化感潜力。结果表明：入侵种和非入侵种都具有化感作用,且入侵种在高浓度下的化感抑制作用强度不一定都大于非入侵种。在0.2 g.mL-1浓度时,艾蒿和黄鹌菜的综合化感作用强度分别是小飞蓬的2.5和3.1倍;而紫茎泽兰和银胶菊则是小飞蓬的3.8和3.5倍。而不同植物浸提液对萝卜的不同检测指标影响不同。其中,紫茎泽兰对萝卜种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响主要表现为化感抑制作用。银胶菊和除0.025 g.mL-1外的黄鹌菜各浸提液都使萝卜种子萌发受较强的抑制,且抑制强度随浸提液浓度的升高而增大,而对幼苗生长则表现为＂低促高抑＂的规律。小飞蓬和苦荬菜对萝卜种子萌发和幼苗根长为抑制作用,但对其苗高和鲜质量为促进作用。除0.025 g.mL-1外,艾蒿对萝卜种子萌发和幼苗根长有较强的抵制,对其苗高和鲜质量则呈＂低促高抑＂的规律。     

Cu2+、Cd2+和Cr6+对斑马鱼联合毒性作用和生物预警的研究

为了研究重金属对水生生物的联合毒性作用,以斑马鱼为受试生物,采用半静态法,在研究Cu2、Cd2和Cr6+对斑马鱼单一毒性的基础上,以获得的Cu2+、Cd2+和Cr6+的96 h-LC50数据,利用等效应曲线法研究了Cu-Cd、Cu-Cr和Cd-Cr的联合毒性作用,并综合分析环境毒理学指标的测定结果,考察利用斑马鱼作为水...     

进水氨氮浓度对生物除磷颗粒系统的影响

在SBR反应器中接种成熟的生物除磷颗粒,通过分阶段提高进水中氨氮浓度,研究了进水氨氮浓度对生物除磷颗粒系统的影响,确定系统对进水氨氮负荷的承受能力.结果表明,进水氨氮浓度低于45 mg·L~(-1)时,生物除磷颗粒系统具有良好的性能,TP去除率在96%以上,COD去除率在89%以上,出水TP浓度和COD浓度分别在0. 4 mg·L~(-1)和25 mg·L~(-1)以下,颗粒粒径在950μm以上,SVI在45 m L·g~(-1)以下;进水氨氮浓度为60 mg·L~(-1)时,TP去除率在95%以上,出水TP浓度在0. 5mg·L~(-1)以下,颗粒粒径为760μm,SVI为56 m L·g~(-1),系统中生物除磷颗粒出现部分解体,PAOs代谢和生长开始受到抑制.进水氨氮浓度达到70 mg·L~(-1)时,TP去除率为70%,出水TP浓度在3 mg·L~(-1)左右,颗粒粒径为570μm,SVI为75 m L·g~(-1),PN/PS值达到7. 50左右,系统中生物除磷颗粒严重解体,PAOs代谢和生长被严重抑制.随着进水氨氮浓度上升,导致生物除磷颗粒中微生物分泌蛋白质增加和多糖减少,PN/PS值增大,出现生物除磷颗粒解体,颗粒粒径减小和SVI上升,生物除磷颗粒的结构和功能被破坏.     

水解酸化-两级接触氧化工艺在啤酒废水处理中的应用

啤酒废水具有有机物含量高、悬浮物浓度高、温度高、 pH 值变化大及可生化性较好等特点,生化处理成为国内外啤酒废水处理的主要工艺。公司采用“水解酸化-两级生物接触氧化”工艺对啤酒废水进行处理,运行结果表明,废水pH在8～9, SS、 CODCr、 NH3-N平均浓度分别为710 mg/L、1910 mg/L、49 mg/L时,处理后出水pH在6.5～8.5, SS、 CODCr、NH3-N平均浓度分别为52 mg/L、70 mg/L、11 mg/L, SS、 CODCr、 NH3-N平均去除率分别为93％、96％、77％,满足啤酒废水排放标准的要求。该工艺对废水具有较好的适应性。     

鱼类实验动物的生物学特性及应用

本文阐述了鱼类实验动物的生物学特性,并综述了其作为实验动物在生物医学研究中的应用现状.     

浅析Biostyr工艺

介绍Biostyr(一种新型曝气生物滤池 ) ,着重该工艺的结构、工作原理及工艺特点。     

Phytodiversity of relict steppe enclaves in the Urals: Experience in comparative assessment

Unique mountain-steppe ecosystems in the Southern Urals have retained a high level of species and cenotic diversity, despite fragmentation and isolation. Specific features of these ecosystems are described.     

The Wild Animal as a Research Animal

Most discussions on animal experimentation refer to domesticated animals and regulations are tailored to this class of animals. However, wild animals are also used for research, e.g., in biological field research that is often directed to fundamental ecological-evolutionary questions or to conservation goals. There are several differences between domesticated and wild animals that are relevant for evaluation of the acceptability of animal experiments. Biological features of wild animals are often more critical as compared with domesticated animals because of their survival effects. An important issue is what is called here “natural suffering”: the suffering from natural circumstances. Should this type of suffering be taken into account when suffering from experimentation is evaluated? As an answer, it is suggested that ``natural functioning'' should be considered as an additional standard in the evaluation of wild animal experimentation. Finally, two topics related to the ecological context are considered. Firstly, the often inevitable involvement of non-research animals in wild animal experimentation, and secondly, the eco-centric approach to nature conservation. According to the latter position, animals are subordinated to ecosystems. All these aspects make the evaluation of wild animal experiments much more complex than experiments with domesticated animals. Preliminary scores are proposed to deal with these aspects. It is argued that this should not lead to a more complex governmental regulation, since an effective maintenance and control are hard to realize and one may loose the cooperation of researchers themselves. In addition, non-governmental professional organizations such as research societies and funding organizations play a pivotal role.     

新型污水处理系统的构成及应用

介绍了美国REDFOX公司生产的新型污水处理系统的结构和原理，系统很好地解决了野外施工现场生活污水处理过程中存在的问题。